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研究生留学加拿大GRE考试写作练习多少篇才够用

发布时间: 2022-12-27 11:09:09
摘要:
研究生留学加拿大GRE考试写作练习多少篇才够用 加拿大研究生留学GRE考试面对GRE写作,即便练得再少,好歹是要练几篇的。既然如此,我们就一起来探讨下考试之前,最少应该练几篇。加拿大研究生GRE ...

研究生留学加拿大GRE考试写作练习多少篇才够用

加拿大研究生留学GRE考试面对GRE写作,即便练得再少,好歹是要练几篇的。既然如此,我们就一起来探讨下考试之前,最少应该练几篇。加拿大研究生GRE

GRE写作有一个特色,也是我们应该利用的特点:它的题库是完全公开的。我们最终在考场上遇到的题目会直接从题库中抽取而出,不会做任何改变。所以,理论上讲,只要我们提前准备好所有题目,GRE写作的高分是绝对能保障的,这一点和GRE的语文和数学都不一样。

看完题库之后,大家应该心灰意冷了。不用数了,Issue部分题目:152道。Argument题目:177道。这样的“天文数字”,似乎让我们无从下手,但是……

真的有这么多道题目吗

不是的!细心的同学应该会发现,不论是Issue还是Argument,有很多题目的题干是高度相似甚至是完全一样的,重复率几乎为50%。这样一来,Issue部分我们需要准备的题目数量就变成了:152/2=76,Argument部分我们需要准备的题目数量就变成了:177/2≈89。题库直接缩小了一半。

但即便如此,题目数量还是很多,有没有办法再缩减一些呢?

要减负,就减负得狠一些

同学们自己在准备时,容易陷入一个对题目的错误分类方式(或说是不高效的分类方式):Issue按照“领域(即艺术、政治、科技、教育等)”分类,Argument按照“经典逻辑错误(臆造因果,错误类比等)”分类。这样的分类方式适用于老GRE,如果考生依然按照这样的分类方式,很有可能就会陷入误区。

那么,新GRE的题目分类方式应该是按照什么呢?

一个词,Instruction。

Instruction又叫Direction,中文意思是“具体性指令”或“写作要求”。它出现在题目的什么位置呢?

示例:

题目下面这段斜体字就是Instruction。之前有同学跟我们反映说:“曾经以为每道题目下面的这个斜体字都是一样的,所以根本不看”……

不看Instruction的后果很惨重,ETS明确说,如果不按照Instruction,最高分不会超过三分。

而Issue当中一共有6种Instruction,Argument当中一共有4种Instruction,每一种对我们行文都有不同的要求。如此看来,在面对新GRE时,我们应该按照Instruction来对题目进行分类。

这样一来,我们需要准备的题目的类别数量即为:Issue6道,Argument4道。加在一起是10道题目,是原来总题目数量的3%。这个减负力度,够狠了吧。

如果只有一周了,练几篇

这个问题也真是把我们逼上了绝路。但还剩一周才来看作文的同学其实也不在少数。在这样的时间节点上,因为Argument的套路性更强,模板也更好用,因此更好拿分,我们会告诉大家:“保Argument,争Issue”。即把重点放在Argument上面,而Issue部分只需要明白写作要点,实在没有时间就可以不做全文练习了。这样一来,我们面对GRE写作,最少应该练——4篇。

研究生留学加拿大GRE考试写作练习多少篇才够用

对于刚开始GRE写作备考的同学来说,范文是一个很好的工具。宏观上,阅读范文可以让我们更好地了解考试的要求,明确写作的目标;微观上,我们也可以从范文中学习到一些好的具体的语言表达方式,有助于我们写的更准确更地道。

这篇文章里,选了一篇很典型的北美范文给大家参考,大家在学习这篇范文的同时,也可以结合本文思考一下自己要如何学习范文。首先,这个范文所对应的题目如下:

Many important discoveries or creations are accidental:it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.In developing and supporting your position,you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

这个题目属于学习研究类话题,这个话题总体难度属于中等,下面我们来看这个范文。

开头段

I must admit that important discoveries of the past lend considerable support to the statement.However,for further analysis we need to make careful differentiation between“discoveries”and“creations”,and the statement overstates the role of accident,or serendipity,when it comes to modern-day discoveries and creations.

首先,我们从段落结构上看,第一句话属于让步,引出第二句话的however转折内容,表明作者对原题目的观点主要是反对的态度。其次,从内容上看,我们可以预测,作者很可能会写三个主要内容,一个是让步的部分,一个是具体区分“discoveries”和“creations”,另一个是说明原文为什么overstates the role of accident,or serendipity,when it comes to modern-day discoveries and creations。最后,语言部分,这里面有一个词组可以关注,叫做lend considerable support to,意思上等于support支持。

第二段

Many discoveries are indeed accidental,for many of them often occur unexpectedly when people are in the quest for something else-such as an answer to an unrelated question or a solution to an unrelated problem.Various geographical,scientific,and anthropological discoveries aptly illustrate this point.In search of a trade route to the WestIndies Columbus discovered instead a continent unknown to Europeans;and during the course of an unrelated experiment Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin.In search of answers to questions about marine organisms,oceanographers often happen upon previously undiscovered,and important,archeological artifacts and geological phenomena.Conversely,in their quest to understand the earth’s structure and history geologists often stumble on important human artifacts.

这一段首先提出论点,对原文在一定程度上表示同意,然后就是论证过程,使用了举例的论证方法,分别从geographical,scientific,and anthropological discoveries这三个角度进行论证。这些例子大家可以顺便收集一下备用。语言部分,这里面有表示偶然性的两个动词词组可以积累,一个是happen upon偶遇,另一个是stumble on偶然发现。

第三段

In light of the forgoing examples,“intentional discovery”might seem to be non-existent;yetin fact it is not.There are also many important discoveries which are anticipated and sought out purposefully.Marie Curie’s discovery of the element of radium after elaborate efforts could serve as an apt example.Also,in the efforts to find new celestial bodies,astronomers using increasingly powerful telescopes do indeed find them.Biochemists often discover important new vaccines and other biological and chemical agents for the curing,preventing,and treating of diseases not by stumbling on them in search of something else but rather through methodical search for these discoveries.In fact,in today’s world discovery is becoming increasingly an anticipated result of careful planning and methodical research,for the reason that scientific advancement now requires significant resources that only large corporations and governments possess.These entities are accountable to their shareholders and constituents,who demand clear strategies and objectives so that they can see a return ontheir investment.

结构上,这一段首先反驳上文,并进行举例论证来支持自己的反驳。同时,提出一个作者自己的新论点In fact,in today’s world discovery is becoming increasingly ananticipated result of careful planning and methodical research,并从原理角度进行分析和支持。这个原理的论证部分逻辑清晰,内容也很独到和精彩,可以积累下来。语言上,In light of是根据的意思,等同于based on,这个经常使用,可以积累下来。

第四段

In marked contrast to discoveries,how creations typically come about is totally different because of the very definition of the term itself.Creations are by nature products of their creator’s purposeful designs.Humankind’s key creations,such as the printing press,the internal combustion engine,and semi-conductor technology,sprung quite intentionally from the inventor’s imagination and objectives.It iscrucial to distinguish here between a creation and the spin-offs from that creation,which the original creator may or may not foresee.For instance,the engineers at some universities who originally created the ARPANET as a means to transfer data among themselves certainly intended to create that network for that purpose.What these engineers did not intend to create,however,was what would eventually evolve into the infrastructure for mass media and communications,and even commerce.Yet the ARPANET itself was no accident,no rare the many creations that it spawned,such as the World Wide Web and the countless creations that the Web has in turn spawned.

这一段对应首段里面的for further analysis we need to make careful differentiation between“discoveries”and“creations”,主要说creations要有目的地创造,并且举例进行过证明。这个例子讲Internet的产生,可以积累。语言上,spin-off是副产品的意思,spawn有产卵,引申义为产生。

结尾段

In sum,the statement has overlooked acrucial distinction between the nature of discovery and the nature of creation.Although serendipity has always played a key role in many important discoveries,at least up till now,purposeful intent is necessarily the key to human creation.

这一段的主要目的就是重复一下论点,作者把正文段里面的几点换了一个方式重述了一遍。我们写的文章里,结尾段不需要写的多精彩,也这样写就好。GRE写作

这个文章总体来说,整体总分总结构非常清晰,开头结尾段与正文段内容的对应一目了然。这是我们最应该也是比较容易去学习借鉴的地方。此外文章的例子非常丰富,而且叙述得很好,无论从例子内容本身,还是例子的表达方式上都值得大家积累学习。

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